Silent Studio Directory - 303 - Unity Super Films - UK - 1917 - production company with Sidney Morgan as head of production; Morgan left at the end of the year to join Progress Film Co. and the company closed. Universal Film Co. Ltd. - UK - 1911-1922 - distribution company formed by Arthur Bliss, Harold Bliss, Montague Browne and James Dalton; offices located at 5 Denman St Westminster; reorganized in 1915 and distributed for Sun, Windmill, Unitas, Champion, Heron, Scientific, Dansk Filmfabrik, Edko, Solograph, Veritas, Lama, Motograph, Big 5, Favourite, Pennent, Crusade and SB Films; declared nonexistent in 1922. Universal Film Manufacturing Co., Inc. - US - 1912-1922+ - distribution company formed April 30, 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, and Jules Brulatour in the merger to release under the trade name of Bison, Champion, Republic, Rex, Bluebird, Jewel, Joker, et al. University Film, Inc. - US - 1914 - production company located at 110 West 40th Street, New York, with Joseph Sullivan as president. Universum Film Aktiengesellschaft (Ufa) - GERMANY - 1917-1945- production company owned by the German government; formed in a merger with the largest production companies in Germany including Messter, PAGU, and German Nordisk; Paul Davidson was head of production; in 1921, Ufa was privatized causing instability so in 1923, Erich Pommer merged his company Decla-Bioskop into Ufa and took control; to break the moratorium against German films, Pommer created Exportverband der Deutschen Filmindustrie to send unmarked films to Scandinavian countries and reship them to Allied countries, therefore breaking the moratorium; unfortunately, overspending abounded; when