Silent Studio Directory - 102 - rights while others were released through First National Pictures and W. W. Hodkinson Corp. Ernst Hofmann-Film - GERMANY - 1919 - production company located in Berlin. Erste Ostereichische Kinofilms- Industrie - AUZ - 1910-1912 - production company founded by Anton Kolm, Luise Kolm and Jacob Fleck; started with documentaries and then moved to fiction film production; changed name of studio to Wiener Kunstfilm. Eskay Harris Feature Film Co. - US - 1915 - 1922 - production company which evolved into primarily redistributed of films. Essanay Film Co. - UK - 1913- 1914 - distribution arm for Essanay Films with offices at 148 Charing Cross Rd. Winchester. Essanay Film Manufacturing Co. - US - 1907-1918 - production company located at 1333 Argyle St. in Chicago; named for the initials of George K. Spoor and Gilbert A. "Bronco Billy" Anderson (S & A) in 1912; Anderson was a western actor from the 1903 western, The Great Train Robbery and Spoor was owner of the Kinodrome Circuit and needed film production for his theaters; opened a studio at 501 Wells St. in Chicago; in 1909, Essanay moved to new studios in Niles, California with distribution through the General Film Co. until 1915 when they switched to V-L-S-E; in 1915, Essanay signed Charlie Chaplin but did not renew his contract the following year; in 1916, Spoor bought out Anderson, but by 1918 they closed their doors; Essanay production was bought out by Victor Kremer.