Silent Studio Directory - 201 - Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Co. - US - 1910-1912 - distribution company formed April 1910 by New York Motion Picture Co. and Independent Motion Picture Co. (IMP); in July 1910, Associated Independent Manufacturers merged by including Nestor, Thanhouser, Éclair, Capitol, Great Northern and Lux; Carl Laemmle was president, Pat Powers was V. P., Charles O. Baumann was treasurer and Herbert Miles was secretary; distributed for Ambrosio, Atlas, Bison, Capitol, Carson, Centaur, Champion, Cines, Columbia, Defender, Éclair, Electrafraff, Film d’Art, Gaumont, Great Northern, IMP, Itala, Kinograph, Lux, Motograph, Nestor, Powers, Reliance, Rex, Solax, Thanhouser, and Yankee; organization came to an end mid 1912 and split into three pieces forming Film Supply Co. of America, Mutual Film Corp. and Universal Pictures. Motion Picture Theatre Owners of America - US - 1917-1925 - distribution company located in Chicago, Illinois. Motograff Co. of Philadelphia - US - 1910 - production company located at 2556 North 24th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; May 1910, company name changed to Electragraff Co. of Philadelphia. Motograph Company of America - US - 1910 - production company with offices located at 202 N. Calvert Street, Baltimore, Maryland and studios at Dupont Park. Motograph Film Co. - UK - 1913- 1914 - distribution company formed from the acquisition of Francis-Claire & Bamberger Enterprises by Joseph Jay Bamberger, Jocelyn Brandon, Samuel Cohen, S. L. Francis- Clare, J. B. Johnson and Hedley